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	Title:	Description:	Date:

1.	A "SMASH" FOR JEFF.	This cartoon depicts Jefferson Davis sitting atop a barrel of gunpowder looking into a large cup containing a "smash" for him. A "smash" refers to a variety of mixed drinks. This particular mix has numerous ships swarming in the water. This refers to the tightening grip of the U.S. Naval Blockade on Confederate commerce. By placing Davis on a barrel of gunpowder it reinforces the increasingly perilous situation that his government is in.	November 2, 1861

2.	A BOBTAIL BULL IN FLY-TIME	This cartoon depicts minature monitor class navy vessels as flies harassing John Bull. Completed in early 1862, the USS Monitor was first USN ironclad and the prototype for a number of subsequent battleships. This cartoon is commenting on the ability of these ironclads to harass British trade with the Confederacy.	May 24, 1862

3.	A Boston View of Governor Andrew	Rep. Gov. John A. Andrew of Massachusetts was an early and dedicated supporter of the Union cause. He quickly made efforts to organize Mass. and other New England militia for service. At the same time, he was an early advocate of the utilization of black troops in the Union Army. This cartoon draws upon a quote from “An Old Jackson Democrat” that references Mass. Sen. Henry Wilson and the belief that he had no more intention to serve in the army than he (the speaker) had of riding a hippo down State Street. Henry Wilson indeed raised and commanded the 22nd Mass. Volunteer Infantry Regiment beginning in 1861. Similarly, Gov. Andrew’s efforts to bolster Union opposition to succession were just as swift and dedicated as that of Sen. Wilson.	1862-02-15

4.	A British Bantling	John Bull addresses a man who sits on a box labelled "U.S." Bull is pushing an hydrocephalic child whose head reads Chicago Platform toward the man. While the British were pushing for a Democrat to win the 1864 election on a peace platform, the Republicans held a majority sway, ensuring the continuation of the war until it ended. By October of 1864, the Democratic platform was very weak and, as the cartoon portrays, America wanted to finish the war, not advocate peace.	1864-10-15

5.	A Case for the Cold Water Cure.	John Bull sits across from Captain Semmes in an office. A sign in the background reads "Dr. Bull. Advice gratis. Office Hour," and a jar labelled "leeches." This refers to the sinking of the famed Confederate raider, Alabama, at the hands of the USS Kearsage off the coast of France. Semmes, the captain of the Alabama, escaped to Britain. The British at the time were in the process of building two ironclad warships for the Confederacy. The cartoon portrays the British as being southern supporters through and through.	1864-07-23

6.	A COCK AND A A BULL STORY	This is a depiction of Napoleon III and John Bull, who is exclaiming "We are going to take Mexico." In early 1862 the British, French, and Spanish sent ships to Mexico to force them to settle their debts. However, after the French expressed ambition to take over Mexico, Britain and Spain withdrew to allow France to proceed with their plans. They implanted the puppet dictator Maxmilian I, who would be executed in 1867 after his government was overthrown.	November 16, 1861

7.	A Confederate Bondholder	A gentleman is depicted standing and grasping papers entitled “Southern Bonds”. On either side of him his pockets are being emptied by Confederate soldiers. Confederate bonds were such a precarious investment since they were backed by questionable and unstable assets including cotton. Even though this was published in June 1861, just following Fort Sumter, there was already concern skepticism regarding Confederate bonds. The value of these bonds did indeed suffer immensely under the continually growing inflation of Confederate currency. Therefore this depiction in which the gentleman is more or less being robbed of his money for the Confederate war effort was a reality for many Confederate investors.	1861-06-01

8.	A DANGEROUS NOVELTY IN MEMPHIS	This cartoon depicts a Union military policeman reprimanding a "eating-house keeper" for putting a mutton chop in his window. Looking in the window are hungry and disheveled Southerners. This is commenting issues surrounding the supply of food in the South, one of the many logistical issues that the Confederacy faced during the course of the war. With trade being impeded by the blockade, swathes of the Southern countryside damaged by war, and large armies to feed, foodstuffs became scarce. This cartoon is relating specifically to Memphis, which was captured by the Union in early 1862.	June 21, 1862

9.	A Dove of Peace	By this cartoon’s publication in late 1864 Gen. Benjamin “Beast” Butler had already participated in many of the events that would define his controversial legacy. In 1861 he refused to return fugitive slaves while stationed in Virginia. In May 1862 he commanded the force that occupied New Orleans where he exerted stern authority to the dislike of many Southerners. In May 1864 the force he commanded was designated the Army of the James and tasked with attacking towards Petersburg from the east while destroying rail lines supplying Richmond. Considering the reputation of Beast Butler, his portrayal as “A Dove of Peace” in this cartoon illustrates that the cartoonist was not convinced of any passive pursuit of peace by the Union forces. Though the war was heavily in the favor of the north by this time in the war, there was no misconception by the cartoonist that Union forces would not fight with the same swiftness or audacity	1864-12-10

10.	A Drum-Head Court-Martial	A court martial is performed for a captured deserter, but all involved have heads or bodies that are drums. Many court martials were initiated or called simply to prove a point to the green armies. It was a show of noise so that all soldiers knew the consequence of desertion.	1861-11-30

11.	A Family Quarrel, or the Reason Why.	Two young men face off to fight, one representing the South, the other the North, while a woman sits at left crying and looking angry. She has a hairpiece labeled "Liberty" and is holding a paper labeled "Constitution." After the assault on Fort Sumter by Rebel forces, many northerners felt that the liberty assured by the Constitution was being attacked. It was this that surged northern patriotism and anger.	1861-11-09

12.	A Fit for the "Ladies League."	The women’s rights movement saw great activity during the middle and end of the 19th century, prominently with the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. Significant leaders like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony would help propel the movement to greater prominence following the American Civil War. This cartoon is commenting on the status of the movement in 1863. Three women are pictured opposite President Lincoln. Two of the women are holding speeches while “Mrs. Mannikins” is in conversation with Lincoln. The President is offering them a pair of his pants, which would have been quite large as a result of his impressive stature, to replace their currently insufficient articles. The name “Mannikins” probably refers in this case to the word mannequin. Though the women’s suffrage movement was eclipsed by the Civil War, this cartoon is projecting its expansion in coming years. Lincoln was not a significant supporter of the women’s suffrage movement during the Civil War, instead declaring, “This hour belongs to the negro.”	1863-05-30;

13.	A Hint for the Sanitary Fair.	Two ladies sit in a parlor, one with long unbound hair. The Sanitary Fair was used by women as a way to raise money and supplies for the war effort. Often they used their looks as a way to secure even more money.	1864-03-26

14.	A Long Look-Out	Napoleon III stands addressing and holding the arm of Davis who is perched on top of a bale of cotton and a barrel of gunpowder. Davis has one finger in his mouth with a bewildered expression on his face. Even though France showed that it was open to relations with the Confederacy, Napoleon withheld allegiance. He either wanted to ally with the Confederacy after Britian did so or after the war had ended and the Confederacy gained independence.	1861-07-13

15.	A Lusus Naturae	Lusus Naturae means “a freak of nature” or even a “monstrosity”. This depiction draws upon an account of such a freak of nature when speaking of the odd occurrence of finding a frog with its mouth sealed together and wide open eyes that appeared to be blind. By imposing James Buchanan’s head on the body of a frog, the cartoon is mocking is indecision as a lame duck President during the events prior to Lincoln’s inauguration as many Southern states were seceding from the Union. It is charging that Buchanan sat looking, but appeared to be blind to the degrading situation of the country as he did speak and take action to prevent further degeneration of the situation.	1860-01-21

16.	A MILD SHOCK FOR OUR VIRTUOUS FRIEND, MR. JOHN BULL	This cartoon depicts John Bull being startled by a jack-in-the-box of slave exclaiming "No More Cotton!" The box says that cotton exports can only be sent through "Loyal channels by of A. Lincoln." This is a commentary on the growing effectiveness of the Southern blockade, impedding exports of Southern cash crops like cotton to Great Britain.	August 3, 1861

17.	A New Plan to Frighten Fine Old English Gentlemen.	On a street labelled, "Broadway," a well dressed gentleman runs from a young boy who is yelling, "Here comes Butler!" The gentleman has dropped a copy of the London Times which reads, "Butler Brute." The British press portrayed Butler as a brutal ruler of New Orleans who would stop at nothing to effect a military rule over the city.	1863-01-24

18.	A Nod That Ought to be as Good as a Wink to the Blind Horse	An illustration of the Naval Committee being dispersed from their discussion by a cannonball. The events of early March 1862 at Battle of Hampton Roads changed the tone regarding the direction of the navy. Though some members of Congress were against building more gunboats, especially of the armored variety, the destruction inflicted by the CSS Virginia (made from the scuttled remains of the USS Merrimack) as she engaged the US blockading fleet on the James River illustrated the need for increases and advancement in naval armament. Had it not been for the presence of the ironclad USS Monitor the Virginia would have been able to carry the day and inflict more damage. Instead the battle between the two ironclads ended in a standoff.	1862-03-22

19.	A Parcel For the White House; or, The Presidential Vote	This cartoon is an endorsement for Lincoln's reelection. Lady Columbia stands with the "Presidential Vote 1865" and asks "which of you two is able to carry this." Lincoln stands strongly by with "A. Lincoln's Union Express" in the background showing many issues like the "Monroe Doctrine" and "Emancipation Proclamation." He exclaims that "I'm the man to carry it... I CARRIED IT BEFORE." To Lincoln's right is McClellan (depicted as being small since he was known as "Little Mac") with a small cart labelled "Chicago Platform." This depiction is ridiculing McClellan and the Democratic Platform for being weak and unable to support the important issues and policies of the U.S. government.	1864

20.	A Prospective Prospect	A depiction of Horace Greeley behind bars at Fort Warren located in Boston, Massachusetts. Greeley was a prominent abolitionist and he utilized his position as editor of the New York Tribune to further his abolitionist reforms. He also believed that slavery was the predominant cause of the war, and for this stance he received criticism from members of the press and the government who did not see slavery as the prevailing issue. Furthermore, this depiction is mocking the precarious spot that Greely’s outspoken stances often put him in.	1862-04-05